There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the purpose of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood glucose levels are normal, which is to prevent complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, medication and prevention of complications.
Diet is the basis of treatment for diabetes. Proper nutrition helps to improve the condition and cope with the symptoms. Yes, you will need to fundamentally review your diet and diet. Yes, you should avoid sweet and fatty foods. Yes, there will be many restrictions in your diet. Doesn't the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread for the rest of your life inspire you? Do not worry!
Nutrition for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be different. The key is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Attention: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main supplier of energy. In diabetes, they should be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods containing carbohydrates are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (simple) carbohydrates. They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after consumption and cause a sudden rise in blood sugar. These are any sweets, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereals. They should be avoided.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, whole grain breads, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will need to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, squash, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radish, radish, cornel, lemon, apple and plum can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. You can eat sweet varieties of carrots, beets, onions, Swedish, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, cherries, plums, pears, peaches, lingonberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, corn, blueberries, apples, but in limited quantities. You will have to sharply limit potatoes from your diet and completely eliminate pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, dates, grapes and dried fruits.
Dietary fiber in plant foods that can lower blood sugar is of great importance. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemons, onions, garlic, oats, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce and some other foods have a hypoglycemic effect.
If it is difficult to tolerate the rejection of sweets, the doctor will advise which sugar substitutes are best used in each case and in what quantities.
Oils
The amount of animal fats in the diet is reduced. This is especially true of refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You can not eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other offal). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of vegetable origin.
You can't completely give up fats, without them you won't get fat-soluble vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3. They should be 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
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Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate for the energy value of the diet by reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, eggs, cottage cheese and other dairy products, as well as legumes and proteins from specialized SBCS products are recommended.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget fried, smoked and salty food. Products need to be boiled, steamed and cooked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. It even helps absorb carbohydrates and prevents sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should be 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for lunch - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for the second dinner - 5. 10%.
- It is advisable to eat at the same time strictly adhering to the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The caloric content of food should be about the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regimen recommended by your doctor.
A sensitive, balanced approach to nutrition is the foundation of good health in diabetes. Remember moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.